A spring is a mechanical part that works with elasticity, generally made of spring steel. It is widely used in machines and instruments to control the movement of machine parts, mitigate shock or vibration, store energy and measure forces. There are various types of springs. According to the shape, there are mainly compression springs, extension springs, coil springs, etc.
Type of spring material
Spring steel is widely used as spring material, and other steel or copper alloy wires listed in Table A can be selected according to the purpose of use.
1. Carbon steel and alloy steel: When manufacturing springs, silicon, manganese, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum and other metal elements are often added to the steel to increase the elasticity and fatigue limit of the spring and make it resistant to impact.
1. Large springs: hot processing is often used, that is, spring materials are rolled into rods at high temperature, then processed at high temperature, quenched with oil or water at 780-850 degrees, and tempered at 400-500 degrees.
2. Small size spring: annealed first, then cold worked, rolled, then quenched and tempered, such as steel wire, piano wire or steel strip.
3. The piano wire is made of high carbon steel (0.65~0.95%) with less impurities. When the diameter is usually less than 1/4, it is drawn into a wire at room temperature after the end-breaking treatment. It has good mechanical properties, high tensile strength and shear resistance, and is an excellent tensile spring material.
4. Stainless steel wire is used for vulnerable parts, and high-speed steel and stainless steel can be used for high temperature resistance.
5. The carbon content of the oil tempering line should be 0.6~0.7% manganese, and 0.6~1.0% is often used for compression springs.
6. For spring plates, 0.9~1.0% ordinary steel is generally used, and chrome-vanadium steel and silicon-manganese steel are used for higher grades.
2. Non-ferrous and non-ferrous alloy steel:
1. This alloy cannot be hardened by heat treatment, it can only be rolled.
2. The copper alloys used for springs include phosphor bronze, brass, etc., which are less elastic than steel and have stronger corrosion resistance. Springs generally used in chemical machinery can be used for springs of electrical measuring instruments due to their non-magnetic relationship.
3. Monal is a copper-nickel alloy used in the food industry, represented by k.
4. Inconel alloys do not relax at high temperatures (up to 700 degrees Fahrenheit) and are used as springs in boilers, turbines and jet engines.
